The role of immunocorrection in the treatment of infectious diseases

Abstract

The relevance of the increase in the incidence of SARS in the human population continues to this day, which creates a constant need to find optimal methods for their improvement and reduction of the percentage of severe complications and mortality. The aim of the article is to summarize modern statistical data on the spread of acute respiratory diseases in Ukraine for the epidemic period of 2021–2022 based on the analysis of data from WHO and the European Center for Disease Prevention and empirical research on the effectiveness of immunocorrective therapy in the complex management of patients of different age groups based on medical and preventive facilities. Materials and methods. To achieve the goal, a study was conducted in two stages: detailed summarization of statistical data of the WHO, the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control; an empirical study of the results of the use of various means of immunomodulation in the process of managing children and adults with SARS at the city children’s polyclinic of Lviv and the Lviv regional clinical hospital, infectious department. Results and discussion. The results of the study showed that in the control group, which included children, the average duration of the disease was 3–4 days longer, in 5 cases (10 %) the development of bacterial pneumonia was noted with the addition of antibacterial therapy, in one case oxygen therapy was carried out due to low saturation indicators. Recovery in the age group 0–4 years in 10 % of cases (1 person) is incomplete with the transition to a chronic process; in 20 % of cases (2 patients), the development of acute otitis media was noted. Children aged 5–10 who did not receive immunomodulators complained of general weakness and drowsiness for a long time, and among patients aged 11–17, cases of acute bronchitis, tracheitis, otitis and pneumonia were registered. Based on the observation of treatment results, it was found that the average duration of the disease in the adult group was 3–5 days (18–35 years) compared to the control group. Based on the observation of the results of treatment, it was found that the average duration of the disease in the adult group was 3–5 days (18–35 years) compared to the control group, where patients recovered for 7–10 days. The course of the disease in the vast majority of cases was mild (in the control group - moderate and severe). In the studied group, there were no cases of the development of inflammatory processes of the lower respiratory tract (in the control group – 2 cases of acute pneumonia, which was 17 % by age and 7 % of reviewers). Conclusions. On the basis of a multi-stage theoretical and empirical study of the feasibility of including immunomodulatory agents in the complex therapy of acute viral infections in children and adults, it can be concluded that immunocorrection with various modern approaches in any age groups stimulates the immune system to fight against the pathogens of acute viral diseases, warns the development of bacterial complications, shortens the duration of the disease, improves the results of treatment and the course of the rehabilitation period, in connection with which these drugs are recommended for inclusion in the complex therapy of viral infections.